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Laptop (Notebook)   Definition A laptop, often called a notebook or "notebook computer", is a small, portable personal computer with a "clamshell" form factor, an alphanumeric keyboard on the lower part of the "clamshell" and a thin LCD or LED computer screen on the upper part, which is opened up to use the computer. Laptops are folded shut for transportation, and thus are suitable for mobile use. Although originally there was a distinction between laptops and notebooks, the former being bigger and heavier than the latter, as of 2014, there is often no longer any difference. Laptops are commonly used in a variety of settings, such as at work, in education, in playing games, Internet surfing, for personal multimedia and general home computer use. A standard laptop combines the components, inputs, outputs, and capabilities of a desktop computer, including the display screen, small speakers, a keyboard, hard disk drive, optical disc drive pointing devices (such as a touchpad or trackpad), a processor, and memory into a single unit. Most 2016-era laptops also have integrated webcams and built-in microphones. Some 2016-era laptops have touchscreens. Laptops can be powered either from an internal battery or by an external power supply from an AC adapter. Hardware specifications, such as the processor speed and memory capacity, significantly vary between different types, makes, models and price points.   MEDION AKOYA S2218 (MD 99590) References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop Wikidata: laptop (Q3962) ... Meer weergeven

Computer   Definition A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out arbitrary sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs, enable them to perform an extremely wide range of tasks. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers.   Since ancient times, simple manual devices like the abacus aided people in doing calculations. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in the early 20th century. The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II. The speed, power, and versatility of computers has increased continuously and dramatically since then. Colossus was the first electronic digital programmable computing device, and was used to break German ciphers during World War II. Conventionally, a modern computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logical operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices include input devices (keyboards, mice, joystick, etc.), output devices (monitor screens, printers, etc.), and input/output devices that perform both functions (e.g., the 2000s-era touchscreen). Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source and they enable the result of operations to be saved and retrieved.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer Wikidata: computer (Q68) ... Meer weergeven

Device driver   Definition A device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling operating systems and other computer programs to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details of the hardware being used. A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device. Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program. Drivers are hardware dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent hardware interface.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver ... Meer weergeven

Image resolution   Definition Image resolution is the detail an image holds. The term applies to raster digital images, film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means more image detail.   Digital: 500×480  : Digital8 720×480  : D-VHS, DVD, miniDV, Digital Betacam (NTSC) 720×480  : Widescreen DVD (anamorphic) (NTSC) 720x576  : D-VHS, DVD, miniDV, Digital8, Digital Betacam (PAL/SECAM) 720x576  : Widescreen DVD (anamorphic) (PAL/SECAM) 1280×720  : D-VHS, HD DVD, Blu-ray, HDV (miniDV) 1440×1080  : HDV (miniDV) 1920×1080  : HDV (miniDV), AVCHD, HD DVD, Blu-ray, HDCAM SR 1998x1080  : 2K Flat (1.85:1) 2048×1080  : 2K Digital Cinema 3840x2160  : 4K UHDTV 4096×2160  : 4K Digital Cinema 7680×4320  : 8K UHDTV 15360x8640 : 16K Digital Cinema 61440x34560 : 64K Digital Cinema Sequences from newer films are scanned at 2,000, 4,000, or even 8,000 columns, called 2K, 4K, and 8K, for quality visual-effects editing on computers. IMAX, including IMAX HD and OMNIMAX: approximately 10,000×7,000 (7,000 lines) resolution. It is about 70 Mpix, which is currently highest-resolution single-sensor digital cinema camera (as of January 2012).   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_resolution   ... Meer weergeven

Browser   Definition A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) that may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources. Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems. The most popular web browsers are Chrome, Edge (preceded by Internet Explorer), Safari, Opera and Firefox.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser   ... Meer weergeven

Windows Media Audio (WMA)   Definition Windows Media Audio (WMA) is the name of a series of audio codecs and their corresponding audio coding formats developed by Microsoft. It is a proprietary technology that forms part of the Windows Media framework. WMA consists of four distinct codecs. The original WMA codec, known simply as WMA, was conceived as a competitor to the popular MP3 and RealAudio codecs. WMA Pro, a newer and more advanced codec, supports multichannel and high resolution audio. A lossless codec, WMA Lossless, compresses audio data without loss of audio fidelity (the regular WMA format is lossy). WMA Voice, targeted at voice content, applies compression using a range of low bit rates. Microsoft has also developed a digital container format called Advanced Systems Format to store audio encoded by WMA.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio Wikidata: Windows Media Audio (Q2194) ... Meer weergeven

WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) / WI-FI (Wireless Fidelity)   Definition Wireless LANs (Wireless local area networks) refers to a type of wireless local area networks. Radio waves are used to connect all participants in a wireless network. Since many devices from different manufacturers should be able to communicate with each other in the same wireless networks, the American institute IEEE has done research and developed many standards for this. One of these standards is called IEEE 802.11 and refers to wireless radio communication and how it works.    These standards are recommendations and manufacturers of wireless devices do not have to be fully compliant with them. For a simple, uncomplex connection, it is sufficient if only some of the IEEE 802 standards are complied with. That is why the Wi-Fi Alliance invented a Wi-Fi certificate.   Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Wi-Fi (alternative spelling: WIFI) is a term of art formed by analogy with Hi-Fi and stands for Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi is often used as a synonym for wireless LAN. Strictly speaking, WLAN and Wi-Fi are not similar: Wireless LAN refers to the wireless network (see above), while Wi-Fi refers to the certification by Wi-Fi Alliance: Wi-Fi certified products are tested for compliance with IEEE standards for local (wireless) networks. If a product complies with these standards, it is tested with many different devices. If tests are successful, a product becomes Wi-Fi certified and receives a Wi-Fi logo. Wi-Fi Trademark   References Wikipedia: Wireless Networks Wikidata: WI-FI Article in other languages: Deutsch ... Meer weergeven

Video RAM (VRAM)   Definition Video RAM, or VRAM, is a dual-ported variant of dynamic RAM (DRAM), which was once commonly used to store the framebuffer in some graphics adapters. It was invented by F. Dill, D. Ling and R. Matick at IBM Research in 1980, with a patent issued in 1985 (US Patent 4,541,075).The first commercial use of VRAM was in a high-resolution graphics adapter introduced in 1986 by IBM for the PC/RT system, which set a new standard for graphics displays. Prior to the development of VRAM, dual-ported memory was quite expensive, limiting higher resolution bitmapped graphics to high-end workstations. VRAM improved the overall framebuffer throughput, allowing low cost, high-resolution, high-speed, color graphics. Modern GUI-based operating systems benefitted from this and thus it provided a key ingredient for proliferation of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) throughout the world at that time. VRAM has two sets of data output pins, and thus two ports that can be used simultaneously. The first port, the DRAM port, is accessed by the host computer in a manner very similar to traditional DRAM. The second port, the video port, is typically read-only and is dedicated to providing a high throughput, serialized data channel for the graphics chipset.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_RAM_(dual-ported_DRAM) ... Meer weergeven

Voice Command Device (VCD) / Voice Control   Definition A voice command device (VCD) is a device controlled by means of the human voice. By removing the need to use buttons, dials and switches, consumers can easily operate appliances with their hands full or while doing other tasks. Some of the first examples can be found in home appliances with washing machines that allow consumers to operate washing controls through vocal commands and mobile phones with voice-activated dialing. Newer VCDs are speaker-independent, so they can respond to multiple voices, regardless of accent or dialectal influences. They are also capable of responding to several commands at once, separating vocal messages, and providing appropriate feedback, accurately imitating a natural conversation. They can understand around 50 different commands and retain up to 2 minutes of vocal messages. They can be found in computer operating systems, commercial software for computers, mobile phones, cars, call centers, and internet search engines such as Google.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_command_device Wikidata: Voice command device (Q1503769) ... Meer weergeven

Computer virus   Definition A computer virus is a type of malicious software (malware) that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code.Infected computer programs can include, as well, data files, or the boot sector of the hard drive. When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected" with a computer virus. The term virus is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware. Malware encompasses computer viruses along with many other forms of malicious software, such as computer worms, trojan horses, keyloggers and other malicious software.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus Article in other languages: Deutsch   ... Meer weergeven

Wireless Access Point / Access Point (AP)   Definition In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP), or more generally just access point (AP), is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi device to connect to a wired network. The AP usually connects to a router (via a wired network) as a standalone device, but it can also be an integral component of the router itself. An AP is differentiated from a hotspot, which is the physical location where Wi-Fi access to a WLAN is available.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point Wikidata: wireless access point (Q326717) ... Meer weergeven

Wide Area Network (WAN)   Definition A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits. Business, education and government entities use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various locations across the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless of location. The Internet may be considered a WAN. Related terms for other types of networks are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area respectively.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network Wiktionary: wide area network (Q11384) ... Meer weergeven

World Wide Web (Web, WWW, W3)   Definition The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland. The Web browser was released outside of CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991. The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet. Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, audio, and software components that are rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content. Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, make up a website. Website content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactively where users contribute content or the content depends upon the users or their actions. Websites may be mostly informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for commercial, governmental, or non-governmental organisational purposes.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web Wikidata: World Wide Web (Q466)   ... Meer weergeven

IP-Telephony / Voice over IP (VoIP)   Definition Voice over Internet Protocol (also voice over IP, VoIP or IP telephony) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. The terms Internet telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband phone service specifically refer to the provisioning of communications services (voice, fax, SMS, voice-messaging) over the public Internet, rather than via the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The steps and principles involved in originating VoIP telephone calls are similar to traditional digital telephony and involve signaling, channel setup, digitization of the analog voice signals, and encoding. Instead of being transmitted over a circuit-switched network; however, the digital information is packetized, and transmission occurs as IP packets over a packet-switched network. They transport audio streams using special media delivery protocols that encode audio and video with audio codecs, and video codecs. Various codecs exist that optimize the media stream based on application requirements and network bandwidth; some implementations rely on narrowband and compressed speech, while others support high fidelity stereo codecs.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP Wikidata: Voice over Internet Protocol (Q81945) ... Meer weergeven

Universal Windows Platform (UWP)   Definition Universal Windows Platform (UWP) is a platform-homogeneous application architecture created by Microsoft and first introduced in Windows 10. The purpose of this software platform is to help develop universal apps that run on Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Xbox One and Hololens without the need to be re-written for each. It supports Windows app development using C++, C#, VB.NET, and XAML. The API is implemented in C++, and supported in C++, VB.NET, C#, F# and JavaScript. Designed as an extension to the Windows Runtime platform first introduced in Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8, UWP allows developers to create apps that will potentially run on multiple types of devices.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform Wikidata: Universal Windows Platform (Q21600523) ... Meer weergeven

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)   Definition ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard (the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, although they support many additional characters.   Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart:  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>? @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_ `abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~     References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ... Meer weergeven

Audio Video Interleave (AVI)   Definition Audio Video Interleaved (also Audio Video Interleave), known by its initials AVI, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows software. AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback. Like the DVD video format, AVI files support multiple streaming audio and video, although these features are seldom used. Most AVI files also use the file format extensions developed by the Matrox OpenDML group in February 1996. These files are supported by Microsoft, and are unofficially called "AVI 2.0".   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave Wikidata: Audio Video Interleave, version 1.0 (Q209054) ... Meer weergeven

Backup   Definition In information technology, a backup, or the process of backing up, refers to the copying and archiving of computer data so it may be used to restore the original after a data loss event. The verb form is to back up in two words, whereas the noun is backup. Backups have two distinct purposes. The primary purpose is to recover data after its loss, be it by data deletion or corruption. Data loss can be a common experience of computer users; a 2008 survey found that 66% of respondents had lost files on their home PC. The secondary purpose of backups is to recover data from an earlier time, according to a user-defined data retention policy, typically configured within a backup application for how long copies of data are required.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup Wikidata: backup (Q194274) ... Meer weergeven

Secure Boot   Definition The UEFI 2.3.1 Errata C specification (or higher) defines a protocol known as secure boot, which can secure the boot process by preventing the loading of drivers or OS loaders that are not signed with an acceptable digital signature. The mechanical details of how precisely these drivers are to be signed are not specified. When secure boot is enabled, it is initially placed in setup mode, which allows a public key known as the Platform key (PK) to be written to the firmware. Once the key is written, secure boot enters "User" mode, where only drivers and loaders signed with the platform key can be loaded by the firmware. Additional Key Exchange Keys (KEK) can be added to a database stored in memory to allow other certificates to be used, but they must still have a connection to the private portion of the Platform key. Secure boot can also be placed in Custom mode, where additional public keys can be added to the system that do not match the private key.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Secure Article in other languages: Deutsch Nederlands ... Meer weergeven

Dolby Digital   Definition Dolby Digital, or AC3, is a six-channel digital audio playback technique. In this process, the surround sound effect occurs. The listener has the feeling of being in the middle of the action. There are 4 different versions: Dolby Digital EX, Dolby Digital Live, Dolby Digital Plus and Dolby TrueHD. The data layout of AC3 is described as a simplified c-like language in official specifications. An AC3 data stream is composed of a series of synchronizing frames, which are made up of 6 audio blocks. Each audio block consists of 256 audio samples per channel. References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby_Digital Wikidata: Dolby Digital (Q622624), AC-3 Compressed Audio (Dolby Digital), Revision A (Q28919030) Article in other languages: Deutsch Nederlands   ... Meer weergeven

Rechargeable battery   Definition A rechargeable battery, storage battery, secondary cell, or accumulator is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, while a non-rechargeable or primary battery is supplied fully charged, and discarded once discharged. It is composed of one or more electrochemical cells. The term "accumulator" is used as it accumulates and stores energy through a reversible electrochemical reaction. Rechargeable batteries are produced in many different shapes and sizes, ranging from button cells to megawatt systems connected to stabilize an electrical distribution network. Several different combinations of electrode materials and electrolytes are used, including lead–acid, nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium ion (Li-ion), and lithium ion polymer (Li-ion polymer). Rechargeable batteries typically initially cost more than disposable batteries, but have a much lower total cost of ownership and environmental impact, as they can be recharged inexpensively many times before they need replacing. Some rechargeable battery types are available in the same sizes and voltages as disposable types, and can be used interchangeably with them.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_battery Article in other languages: Nederlands ... Meer weergeven

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)   Definition Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network. A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that uses the protocol. Introduced with much hype in 1999,[1] WAP achieved some popularity in the early 2000s, but by the 2010s it had been largely superseded by more modern standards. Most modern handset internet browsers now fully support HTML, so do not need to use WAP markup for webpage compatibility, and most of them are no longer able to render and display pages written in WAP.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol   ... Meer weergeven

Web-App or web application   Definition In computing, a web application or web app is a client–server software application in which the client (or user interface) runs in a web browser: Common web applications include webmail, online retail sales, online auctions, wikis, instant messaging services and many other functions.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application ... Meer weergeven

Wide-angle lens   Definition In photography and cinematography, a wide-angle lens refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially smaller than the focal length of a normal lens for a given film plane. This type of lens allows more of the scene to be included in the photograph, which is useful in architectural, interior and landscape photography where the photographer may not be able to move farther from the scene to photograph it. This type of lens allows more of the scene to be included in the photograph, which is useful in architectural, interior and landscape photography where the photographer may not be able to move farther from the scene to photograph it.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-angle_lens Article in other languages: Deutsch Nederlands ... Meer weergeven

Progressive Web App (PWA)   Definition Progressive Web App (PWA) is a term used to denote web apps that use the latest web technologies. Progressive web apps are technically regular web pages (or websites) but can appear to the user like traditional applications or (native) mobile applications. This new application type attempts to combine features offered by most modern browsers with the benefits of mobile experience.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_web_app   ... Meer weergeven

Wi-Fi   Definition Wi-Fi or WiFi is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance, which restricts the use of the term Wi-Fi Certified to products that successfully complete interoperability certification testing. Devices that can use Wi-Fi technology include personal computers, video-game consoles, smartphones, digital cameras, tablet computers, smart TVs, digital audio players and modern printers. Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the Internet via a WLAN and a wireless access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (66 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves, or as large as many square kilometres achieved by using multiple overlapping access points. Depiction of a device sending information wirelessly to another device, both connected to the local network, in order to print a document Wi-Fi most commonly uses the 2.4 gigahertz (12 cm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (6 cm) SHF ISM radio bands. Having no physical connections, it is more vulnerable to attack than wired connections, such as Ethernet.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi   ... Meer weergeven

Mobile app   Definition A mobile app is a computer program designed to run on a mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet computer. Mobile apps often stand in contrast to desktop applications that run on desktop computers, and with web applications which run in mobile web browsers rather than directly on the mobile device. The term "app" is a shortening of the term "software application".   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app Wikidata: mobile app (Q620615) ... Meer weergeven

Active Desktop   Definition Active Desktop was a feature of Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0's optional Windows Desktop Update that allowed users to add HTML content to the desktop, along with some other features. This function was intended to be installed on the then-current Windows 95 operating system. It was also included in Windows 98 and later Windows operating systems until Windows Vista, where the feature was discontinued.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Desktop Wikidata: Active Desktop (Q177314)   ... Meer weergeven

Application software   Definition An application program (app or application for short) is a computer program designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user. Examples of an application include a word processor, a spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web browser, a media player, an aeronautical flight simulator, a console game or a photo editor. The collective noun application software refers to all applications collectively. This contrasts with system software, which is mainly involved with running the computer.   References Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software   Article in other languages: Deutsch Nederlands ... Meer weergeven