Aus dem vorherigen Link zur Microsoft Support Seite: To resolve this problem, use the inbox Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool. Then, install the Windows update or service pack again.
1 Open an elevated command prompt. To do this, swipe in from the right edge of the screen, and then tap Search. Or, if you are using a mouse, point to the lower-right corner of the screen, and then click Search. Type Command Prompt in the Search box, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as administrator. If you are prompted for an administrator password or for a confirmation, type the password, or click Allow.
2 Type the following command, and then press Enter.
It may take several minutes for the command operation to be completed.
DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
Important When you run this command, DISM uses Windows Update to provide the files that are required to fix corruptions. However, if your Windows Update client is already broken, use a running Windows installation as the repair source, or use a Windows side-by-side folder from a network share or from a removable media, such as the Windows DVD, as the source of the files. To do this, run the following command instead:
DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:C:\RepairSource\Windows /LimitAccess
Note Replace the C:\RepairSource\Windows placeholder with the location of your repair source. For more information about using the DISM tool to repair Windows, reference Repair a Windows Image.
3 Type the following command and press Enter.
It may take several minutes for the command operation to be completed.
sfc /scannow
4 Close the command prompt, and then run Windows Update again. Jetzt könntest die zweite Option in Schritt 2 versuchen, also eine andere Windows Repair Source angeben. Also einen freigegebenen Windows 10 Ordner von einem anderen PC im Netz, oder von einer ext. HDD, wo den drauf kopiert hast. Edit: Natürlich könntest den Microsoft Support auch mit der Frage beschäftigen. Das sind ja die Experten in dem Ding.
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